Fire-resistant glass

Fire safety of buildings provides for a number of constructive and planning measures stipulated by regulatory documents. With the improvement of regulatory documents, the requirements for the design of fire-fighting glazed doors and partitions also changed. Although basic requirements for standard tests n fire-fighting They were formed in the middle of the 60s, but the SNIPs (SNIP II-2-80 and SNIP 2.01.02-85 “Fire-fighting standards”) that were in force at that time allowed to determine the fire resistance limit of the structure by design, without full-scale tests. Mandatory certification of fire-resistant doors and partitions was introduced in 1998.

Scientific testing of fire-fighting glazed doors

The document regulating the testing was GOST 30247.2-97 “Constructional designs”. Fire test methods. Doors and gates, similar to the ISO 3008-76 standard Firesistence test. Door and shutter assembles. Doors and elements closing openings”).

The standard prescribed tests for the integrity and thermal insulation properties of the door. When testing the door in accordance with a special scheme, thermocouples were installed, the door was mounted in the opening of the test furnace and burned in standard mode.   A feature of this standard was that for doors with a glazing area of less than 25%, glass measurements were not carried out during the tests, and the only criterion was the integrity of the glass.

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This formulation made life easier for fire-resistant doors manufacturers, who could install reinforced glass, construction triplex or fire-resistant glass in their doors, corresponding to a given fire resistance of the door only according to the integrity criterion.

This standard defined the design of fire-resistant doors for years, and the idea of a fire door was formed as a door with a small blind window or a blank door cloth.

Doors with a glazing area of more than 25% were tested according to the “Temporary method of testing translucent structures for fire resistance”, developed in 1996.

The original feature of the “temporary technique” was that the thermal insulating properties of glass (criterion - I) were interpreted as “the ability of glass to limit the density of the heat flux of fire energy at the level of 3.5 kW / m2”.

This formulation differed from the classical one, where the thermal insulating properties of a fire barrier were determined by the criterion of increasing the temperature on the surface of the product.

The “temporary technique” also made life easier for manufacturers of fire-fighting glazed doors and partitions. Since the thermal conductivity of the translucent design was not taken into account during the tests, it became possible to make fire-fighting structures on a “cold” profile and with “lightweight” fire-resistant glass of EW class. The adoption of Federal Law No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”, which came into force on May 1, 2009, created a unified legislative framework for regulatory requirements for fire resistance of structures. What is new in this law is that the requirements for translucent firefighting structures become the same as for structures without translucent filling. First of all, this requirement refers to the thermal insulating capacity of the structure. The thermal insulation capacity of the structure is assessed as “the ability of the structure to limit the temperature increase on fire-resistant glass, fire-resistant filling and the profile of the structure during fire tests”.

The heat flow limitation and structural integrity requirements remain throughout the test period. Thus, fire-fighting structures with translucent filling are required to comply with all three fire-resistance criteria: E, I, W. Federal law formulates only general requirements for fire-resistance structures.

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In more detail, the features of the use of fire-resistant structures are determined by the following regulatory documents:

• SP 1.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits”;
• SP 2.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Ensuring fire resistance of protected objects”;
• SP 4.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Restricting the spread of fire at protection facilities. Requirements for space-planning and constructive solutions;
• GOST R 51136-2008 "Protective multilayered glass". General technical specifications”;
• Publication of the Interregional Window Institute • www. mio.ru
• GOST R 53307-2009 Fire doors and gates. Fire resistance test methods”;
• GOST R 53308-2009 Construction.
  

Transparent enclosing structures and filling openings. Fire resistance test methods».

Most of these regulations came into force on January 1, 2010.

What are fire-fighting glazed doors?

Owners of ordinary urban apartments, installing metal front doors, obviously want to have a door that combines beauty, resistance to burglary and fire resistance. Statistics of fires in recent years indicate that their number is not decreasing, and the number of victims is steadily increasing. A properly selected fire door can save the lives of your loved ones and minimize damage. Fire doors are also highly recommended for owners of suburban real estate, in the basement of which there are garages or warehouses.

Modern technologies allow you to make a fire door, which is almost indistinguishable from the usual. It can be made of metal, wood or fiberglass, be almost entirely glass. The advantage of fire-resistant doors with glazing relatively blind doors (in addition to the obvious - additional lighting) is the ability to notice a fire earlier, assess the degree of its danger and understand whether there are people in the room.

How to buy a fire door without being cheated?

Since 1998, all fire-resistant doors in the Russia is subject to mandatory certification.

Since January 1, 2010 in the territory of the Russian Federation, standards corresponding to modern world standards have come into force, which establish clear requirements for fire-resistant doors and their glazing.

It is for compliance with these standards that doors should be checked when buying or ordering:

• GOST R 53307-2009 Construction. Fire doors and gates. Fire resistance test method. " The basic standard characterizing the fire resistance of a fire door. This is the most important current standard on this list, and a reference to it must be included in the fire certificate attached to the door.
• GOST R 51136-2008 "Protective multilayer glass". This standard describes the properties of glass used in the manufacture of fire-resistant doors.
• GOST R 51072-2005 "Doors of protection". General technical requirements and test methods for burglary resistance and bullet and fire resistance.” It specifies requirements and test methods for burglary resistance, bullet resistance and fire resistance of doors designed to ensure the safety of facilities. Even if such burglary resistance requirements do not apply to a fire door, the standard describes the marking applied to the safety door.
• GOST R 53303-2009 Construction. Fire doors and gates. Smoke permeability test method.”

 

This standard is necessary where smoke and gas resistance is a mandatory property of a fire door. For a conventional fire door, smoke resistance tests may not be performed. However, the elements ensuring the tightness of the structure must be present in any quality fire-resistant doors.

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